Trek's guiding metaphor and the failure of the TNG era
Posted: 2004-01-24 06:15pm
One thing I've noticed in watching all the TNG-era Trek series and comparing them to TOS is how the former seem all to have been written with no regard to the original guiding metaphor on which TOS was formed.
Capt. James T. Kirk (and his conceptual predecessors Robert April and Christopher Pike) was essentially created as "Horatio Hornblower in space". By examining the original conceptual base for Star Trek, it is quite clear that the metaphor for the series was not Wagon Train but rather the Age of Sail. The Enterprise was meant to be depicted as performing her mission far from home base, with contact with Starfleet Command a rarity and with Earth itself an even more rare event. Message traffic was slower than the travel capabilities of the starship, which means that by necessity Capt. Kirk had to be granted a great deal of autonomy in command and in his dealings with alien civilisations to the point where he is empowered to act as an ambassador-without-portfolio in key diplomatic situations. The ship would have to be as self-sufficent as possible; free for as long a period from the necessities of resupply, refueling, and repair as was feasible. The Enterprise's mission was both exploratory and military by nature, being that only starships were capable of such deep-ranging voyages and acted as the knowledge-gathering instrument of the Federation as well as its defensive/power-projection force. With rival powers more or less on a technological par with the Federation, this meant that most instances of actual conflict between the powers usually devolved upon single-ship actions or combats between squadron-sized forces of 3-12 ships.
This was exactly the state of naval affairs as existed during the Age of Sail. Captains in the British Royal or United States navies conducted exploratory as well as military missions, were empowered to conduct diplomacy, and by necessity performed their missions without any contact with the Admiralty for months at a stretch. Ships carried their own repair parts on-board, or could "live off the land" by gathering food, fresh water, and raw materials to fashion spars, rope, and tools from any island within sailing range. Large fleet-to-fleet actions were comparatively rare on the high seas, and single ship combats were extant between vessels of rival powers even during states of peace. It was also often the practise in that period that the ship's captain led landing parties and boarding actions, leading his crew from the front of action.
From this perspective, it is easy to see where much of TOS makes sense from its own internal logic which is based upon the Age of Sail metaphor. With slow communcations and distances of months even at FTL between the zone of patrol/exploration and any frontier sector-base, the autonomy of Capt. Kirk and the Enterprise is quite plausible.
By contrast, TNG and DS9 have severe problems in this area. By constantly depicting easy, realtime communication between the Enterprise (or the station) with Starfleet Command and/or Earth, and transits back to Earth within a matter of days or weeks (and thus being horribly inconsistent with the warp velocity scales), the entire Age of Sail metaphor upon which Star Trek depends for its plausibility fails. It makes no sense for the Captain to be risked on landing party missions or to waste a ship of the line on exploratory missions at all. Diplomats can be transported to various planets as easily as sending a ship of the line, so diplomatic missions make little sense either and the Captain's function as a diplomat is redundant. The presence of children and families on starships makes absolutely no sense, since not only are they useless baggage and a hinderance to the ship's mission, but because it is, in the TNG world, quite feasible for crewmembers to have regular subspace contact with their families or for the ships to be sent out on 90-120 day patrols and for there to be a rotation between Blue and Gold crews to alleviate the burden of seperation. The result was that the writers ended up scripting a "lone" starship Enterprise in a galaxy which was much closer to contemporary Earth rather than the Age of Sail, and thus the depiction of the ship's mission was not believable.
V'ger tried to solve this problem to an extent, but that series' other problems were its downfall. As for DS9, again —if regular, constant communication and traffic with Earth and the rest of the Federation, or the Klingons or the Romulans or the Ferengi or the Cardassians, is part of the series backdrop the "lone frontier outpost" concept necessarily fails and much of the writing based upon that mismatched concept is rendered implausible as a result.
From all this, it is easy to see another source of Star Trek's degeneration; its severance from the original guiding metphor and the resultant implausibilities in its depiction of the starship, its mission, and the conduct of Starfleet and the Federation. The Final Frontier became a backwater, and increasingly all that was left was either artifical danger stories or character soap-operas on a ship whose mission ceased to be exploratory in any sense and became rather one of patrolling the outmarches of a bloated empire.
Capt. James T. Kirk (and his conceptual predecessors Robert April and Christopher Pike) was essentially created as "Horatio Hornblower in space". By examining the original conceptual base for Star Trek, it is quite clear that the metaphor for the series was not Wagon Train but rather the Age of Sail. The Enterprise was meant to be depicted as performing her mission far from home base, with contact with Starfleet Command a rarity and with Earth itself an even more rare event. Message traffic was slower than the travel capabilities of the starship, which means that by necessity Capt. Kirk had to be granted a great deal of autonomy in command and in his dealings with alien civilisations to the point where he is empowered to act as an ambassador-without-portfolio in key diplomatic situations. The ship would have to be as self-sufficent as possible; free for as long a period from the necessities of resupply, refueling, and repair as was feasible. The Enterprise's mission was both exploratory and military by nature, being that only starships were capable of such deep-ranging voyages and acted as the knowledge-gathering instrument of the Federation as well as its defensive/power-projection force. With rival powers more or less on a technological par with the Federation, this meant that most instances of actual conflict between the powers usually devolved upon single-ship actions or combats between squadron-sized forces of 3-12 ships.
This was exactly the state of naval affairs as existed during the Age of Sail. Captains in the British Royal or United States navies conducted exploratory as well as military missions, were empowered to conduct diplomacy, and by necessity performed their missions without any contact with the Admiralty for months at a stretch. Ships carried their own repair parts on-board, or could "live off the land" by gathering food, fresh water, and raw materials to fashion spars, rope, and tools from any island within sailing range. Large fleet-to-fleet actions were comparatively rare on the high seas, and single ship combats were extant between vessels of rival powers even during states of peace. It was also often the practise in that period that the ship's captain led landing parties and boarding actions, leading his crew from the front of action.
From this perspective, it is easy to see where much of TOS makes sense from its own internal logic which is based upon the Age of Sail metaphor. With slow communcations and distances of months even at FTL between the zone of patrol/exploration and any frontier sector-base, the autonomy of Capt. Kirk and the Enterprise is quite plausible.
By contrast, TNG and DS9 have severe problems in this area. By constantly depicting easy, realtime communication between the Enterprise (or the station) with Starfleet Command and/or Earth, and transits back to Earth within a matter of days or weeks (and thus being horribly inconsistent with the warp velocity scales), the entire Age of Sail metaphor upon which Star Trek depends for its plausibility fails. It makes no sense for the Captain to be risked on landing party missions or to waste a ship of the line on exploratory missions at all. Diplomats can be transported to various planets as easily as sending a ship of the line, so diplomatic missions make little sense either and the Captain's function as a diplomat is redundant. The presence of children and families on starships makes absolutely no sense, since not only are they useless baggage and a hinderance to the ship's mission, but because it is, in the TNG world, quite feasible for crewmembers to have regular subspace contact with their families or for the ships to be sent out on 90-120 day patrols and for there to be a rotation between Blue and Gold crews to alleviate the burden of seperation. The result was that the writers ended up scripting a "lone" starship Enterprise in a galaxy which was much closer to contemporary Earth rather than the Age of Sail, and thus the depiction of the ship's mission was not believable.
V'ger tried to solve this problem to an extent, but that series' other problems were its downfall. As for DS9, again —if regular, constant communication and traffic with Earth and the rest of the Federation, or the Klingons or the Romulans or the Ferengi or the Cardassians, is part of the series backdrop the "lone frontier outpost" concept necessarily fails and much of the writing based upon that mismatched concept is rendered implausible as a result.
From all this, it is easy to see another source of Star Trek's degeneration; its severance from the original guiding metphor and the resultant implausibilities in its depiction of the starship, its mission, and the conduct of Starfleet and the Federation. The Final Frontier became a backwater, and increasingly all that was left was either artifical danger stories or character soap-operas on a ship whose mission ceased to be exploratory in any sense and became rather one of patrolling the outmarches of a bloated empire.