Posted: 2004-11-21 08:04pm
I think you meant reiterate unless you've already surrendered in this debate once and were going to do it again...drachefly wrote:To recapitulate:
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I think you meant reiterate unless you've already surrendered in this debate once and were going to do it again...drachefly wrote:To recapitulate:
The original idea behind the databank was to create a table of reactions to phaser hits on humanoids, and the setting of the phaser that caused the reaction. This was in the context of a thread on ASVS about whether phasers had kinetic energy. That is why the chart is structured the way it is. After watching all 7 seasons of TNG, I got the idea to include a listing for every time a hand weapon is fired, so that if someone wanted to do some other kind of statistics on hand weapons, they would not have to watch every episode, but would have an easy reference of the episodes which contain hand weapon use, and when in the episode they occur. In the entry for each event I noted whether the shot hit or not. My hit/miss tables are just a tabulation of those numbers.brianeyci wrote:The phaser databank is totally Jason Miles work. I just made a suggestion to account for accuracy. I believe the majority of his work concerns phazorizations and hit-misses.You said "scare Beverly" in the context that you wanted "variables" like this properly represented in that phaser databank you gents are collecting. That indicates to me you want to explain the scene away when it comes to power.
Very well what is your explaination of it?Batman wrote:I'm not BASING the entire theory on it. Unless and until somebody shows that phasers CANNOT behave like this, I maintain that the theory needs to explain this incident.
Fine, have it your way. To explain the Klingon being thrown back as if he was hooked up like a marionette and pulled up in the air like in an old kung-fu movie, you need technobabble. However, I counter with the point that we haven't seen people being thrown this way with TNG+ phasers.No shit Sherlock. Planets are usually not created by the Genesis torpedo either, so normal panetary behavior is not exactly the ideal matchstick for Genesis.
That the planet was unstable is not under dispute. That the laws of physics didn't apply on it/changed rapidly is.
Of course, but he doesn't rule it out as an explaination. The "explosion" idea isn't so great either because we don't see some sort of explosive effect.And if you bother to check, he explicitely states that them doing so in mid-flight would be odd at the very least.
Strange, but not violating conservation of momentum or conservation of energy principles. The "technobabble" idea, the idea that the technobabble "sprouts" force to act on a person, is ridiculous and should only be used when there is no other explaination possible.For which you have no evidence, and even Drachefly agrees that that would be stange at the very least,There is no explaination of how there would be a violation of Newton's Laws with the technobabble mechanism. Either at some point the phaser particles gain KE and impact on the target
Just so you are clear, I am more concerned about pulse phaser rifles than Type-II's, because IMO the electrical shock idea can work for hand phasers but not pulse phaser rifles. I have a feeling that the Reman being pushed back didn't just experience a little nudge.I like it how you assume that since the beam doesn't have noticeable KE there will be none applied to the target. How about the KE is provided by something that happens to the target?
Your 'phaser particles gain KE in mid-flight' idea has no more validity than Silence's (I think Mike mentions it on the main site, too) neutrino eruption theory. Add to that the STIII incident which CANNOT be explained by simple KE transfer, the fact that we KNOW phasers violate the laws of physics as we know them, the fact that your supposed KE gain is inconsistent as hell...
Holy shit. Momentum is mass times velocity. Since phaser particles travel at sublight speeds and have mass, they have momentum. Similarly, since Kinetic energy is equal to one half times mass times velocity squared, phaser particles carry kinetic energy. The big question is, whether or not there is enough kinetic energy to push someone around. According to Newton's First Law, an external force has to be applied to an object to push it. There has to be a force to push someone back, and I'm not talking about Mace Windu.I am doing nothing of that kind. There are obviously KE/momentum effects applied to phaser targets. That does not mean that phaser particles carry said KE/momentum.Or are you violating Newton's first law along with Newton's third law with the technobabble? Holy shit.
As I see it, if Star Trek were a little more consistent with it's technology usage, it wouldn't come across so pathetic to some.Jason L. Miles wrote:I'll be damned, fully automatic fire in a Star Trek weapon.
...or not.SCVN 2812 wrote:I think you meant reiterate unless you've already surrendered in this debate once and were going to do it again...drachefly wrote:To recapitulate:
I think someone else mentioned it besides you. Why doesn't the shock theory work with hand phasers? Pulse-phasers consistently push people back, but with hand phasers people seem to kind of go backwards and twitch.drachefly wrote:And for the last time, the EM-shock theory was a joke!
Funny that, even though the dictionary says recapitulate is to restate something, the prefix seems to suggest that you mean to surrender again. Damn English. Too bad its the only language I know....or not.SCVN 2812 wrote:I think you meant reiterate unless you've already surrendered in this debate once and were going to do it again...drachefly wrote:To recapitulate:
http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/recapitulate
I haven't got a clue. And I don't need one. We've seen a hand phaser do it, therefore phaser theory needs to explain it.brianeyci wrote:Very well what is your explaination of it?Batman wrote:I'm not BASING the entire theory on it. Unless and until somebody shows that phasers CANNOT behave like this, I maintain that the theory needs to explain this incident.
In the face of 20+ seasons' worth of them behaving just like TOS ones? I'd like to see you try.I could argue that the TNG phasers went a radical change and didn't incorporate this technobabble effect.
Uh-huh. You need technobabble for phasers to work in the first place. So?Fine, have it your way. To explain the Klingon being thrown back as if he was hooked up like a marionette and pulled up in the air like in an old kung-fu movie, you need technobabble.
Which proves nothing until you can either show thatHowever, I counter with the point that we haven't seen people being thrown this way with TNG+ phasers.
You can see neutrinos? What are you, Clark's long lost twin brother?Of course, but he doesn't rule it out as an explaination. The "explosion" idea isn't so great either because we don't see some sort of explosive effect.And if you bother to check, he explicitely states that them doing so in mid-flight would be odd at the very least.
Neither is the neutrino surge idea.Strange, but not violating conservation of momentum or conservation of energy principles
Your 'phaser particles magically gain KE/momentum' theory is just as technobabblish. Why should we prefer it?. The "technobabble" idea, the idea that the technobabble "sprouts" force to act on a person, is ridiculous and should only be used when there is no other explaination possible.
Just as long as you are aware that there is no evidence for pulse phasers working on a different mechanism than beam ones do. But let's not go there again.Just so you are clear, I am more concerned about pulse phaser rifles than Type-II's, because IMO the electrical shock idea can work for hand phasers but not pulse phaser rifles. I have a feeling that the Reman being pushed back didn't just experience a little nudge.
Right idea, wrong pageFine. I couldn't find the "neutrino eurption theory" on Wong's site under the phasers or the NDF section, so if you have a linky I would appreciate it.
Neither is your KE/momentum gain.The less violations of physical laws, the better. KE "gain" or "transfer" is a far better theory than "technobabble" because the technobabble isn't defined in any way.
IF we had reason to assume it were anything but DET, which we don't. That there is SOMETHING technobablish about phaser KE effects is a known fact. The question is where to put the technobabble. There's no reason to prefer your theory over any other.Might as well say the Death Star kills planets by some sort of undefined chain reaction
Good. Where do the phaser particles GET there momentum, then?Conservation of momentum isn't something that we should go about violating with technobabble every chance we get -- we should bend over backwards not to violate it.
However strange gaining KE or an explosion transferring momentum might sound, it is better than saying "technobabble" causes the phaser to push people back.
Great. Define the mechanism by which the phaser particles gain KE/momentum.At the very least you have to define this technobabble mechanism before you start using it.
Translation -- technobabble theory is shit because you can't define it.Batman wrote:I haven't got a clue. And I don't need one. We've seen a hand phaser do it, therefore phaser theory needs to explain it.brianeyci wrote: Very well what is your explaination of it?
TOS type phasers have fired on axis. TOS type phasers are a different shape, and are ergonomical while TNG+ phasers are banana-shaped. TOS phasers do not slowly vaporize, while TNG+ phasers have been demonstrated to have an ultra-slow vaporization setting that Lore would use to torture Crusher.In the face of 20+ seasons' worth of them behaving just like TOS ones? I'd like to see you try.I could argue that the TNG phasers went a radical change and didn't incorporate this technobabble effect.
No. I like Drachefly's explaination,Uh-huh. You need technobabble for phasers to work in the first place. So?
Or the other explaination of phaser particles losing mass in trasit to oppositely oriented reaction force.Drachefly wrote: However, an abrupt gain in kinetic energy can happen in an isolated system, if some of the internal energy is converted into kinetic energy. So we don't need to worry about energy conservation -- the upper limit on the internal energy of the phaser beam is very high.
OK, let's just conserve momentum then: upon impact, something is hurled backward along the trajectory. Neutrinos are one possibility; whatever cold dark matter is made of is another. Whatever it is, it needs to be pretty close to noninteracting with matter when it's not in a phaser beam, since we don't see it. Any other explanation violates conservation of momentum.
Point conceded, no explosion would be visible if we use Drachefly's theory.You can see neutrinos? What are you, Clark's long lost twin brother?
When I say phaser particles "gain" KE and momentum, I do not mean that they magically gain them. The explosion idea is good enough for me, or the jet of neutrinos idea, or the phaser particles gaining KE midflight. Either one of those three means the phaser particles gain KE and transfer it to the target.Neither is the neutrino surge idea.
I don't say that they magically gain it. Either the explosion idea, or the oppositely-oriented reaction mass with the phaser ditching some of its energy mid-transit into oppositely oriented force, or the neutrino stream idea.Your 'phaser particles magically gain KE/momentum' theory is just as technobabblish. Why should we prefer it?
According to Jason Miles research, pulse phasers are the only consistent application of KE transfer. So they are different, in a way.Just as long as you are aware that there is no evidence for pulse phasers working on a different mechanism than beam ones do. But let's not go there again.
Neither is your KE/momentum gain.The less violations of physical laws, the better. KE "gain" or "transfer" is a far better theory than "technobabble" because the technobabble isn't defined in any way.
Wong uses the neutrino eurption theory to explain how momentum is conserved, not as a way to explain violation of conservation of momentum!DW wrote:he simple answer is that the phaser cannot possibly carry that much momentum, because conservation of momentum is a fundamental law. Therefore, the Klingon's movement through the air must not have been due to simple impact physics. Perhaps the chain reaction propagated in such a manner that the stream of neutrinos coming out of his body was largely aimed in one direction (remember that neutrinos do have momentum)
I say again -- Wong uses the neutrino eurption theory to explain how momentum is conserved, not as a way to explain violation of conservation of momentum!IF we had reason to assume it were anything but DET, which we don't. That there is SOMETHING technobablish about phaser KE effects is a known fact. The question is where to put the technobabble. There's no reason to prefer your theory over any other. Actually, the neutrino surge one is better than yours because it only requires one application of technobabble, in a place where we already KNOW something technobabblish is happening-the phaser effect on the target.
I say for a third time -- Wong uses the neutrino eurption theory to explain how momentum is conserved, not as a way to explain violation of conservation of momentum! Neutrinos have momentum! There must be KE transfer! Wong's theory is not technobabble! Holy fucking shit. He defines the neutrinos as oppositely oriented reaction force pushing the guy back! If that's not KE I don't know what is!Good. Where do the phaser particles GET there momentum, then?Conservation of momentum isn't something that we should go about violating with technobabble every chance we get -- we should bend over backwards not to violate it.
Gaining KE is just as technobabblish. You're merely putting the technobabble in a different position. What's the differece between the phaser particles magically gaining KE/momentum and the phaser magically pushing people back? It's still technobabble!!!
You already have three definitions -- the phaser particles ditching some of their mass and converting it to oppositely oriented raction force, Drachefly's neutrino explosion theory, and Wong's Neutrino Eurption theory (I think is similar to Drachefly's, except Wong proposes a beam of neutrinos while Drachefly proposes an explosion of neutrinos). By the way, all of these events conserve momentum and make the phaser particles gain KE to tranfer to the target! Holy shit!Great. Define the mechanism by which the phaser particles gain KE/momentum.At the very least you have to define this technobabble mechanism before you start using it.
HOOOOOOOOLLLLLLLLLLYYYYYYYYYYYYY SHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIT. Conservation of fucking momentum is the difference!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Batman wrote:What's the differece between the phaser particles magically gaining KE/momentum and the phaser magically pushing people back? It's still technobabble!!!
EXACTLY.drachefly wrote:Batman, gaining KE is NOT technobabble, since it can simply come from the internal energy. It's momentum that's a much stronger restriction, so let's focus on that.
YES READ THAT BATMAN Like I posted above I don't care if they gain KE midflight or during an explosion.Furthermore, I do not think Brian is as focused on in-flight gain as you think he is.
They're all the same idea. In all cases, it's reaction mass going one way, taking internal energy to fuel the KE. There are only six variations -- three options for reaction mass type, and two options for timing (3x2, not 3+2).Brianeyci wrote:Either the explosion idea, or the oppositely-oriented reaction mass with the phaser ditching some of its energy mid-transit into oppositely oriented force, or the neutrino stream idea.
Come again? We've seen it happen. Either you an show that it was a Genesis-related fluke, or phaser theory has to explain it.brianeyci wrote:Translation -- technobabble theory is shit because you can't define it.Batman wrote:I haven't got a clue. And I don't need one. We've seen a hand phaser do it, therefore phaser theory needs to explain it.brianeyci wrote: Very well what is your explaination of it?
So have TNG phasers.TOS type phasers have fired on axis.In the face of 20+ seasons' worth of them behaving just like TOS ones? I'd like to see you try.I could argue that the TNG phasers went a radical change and didn't incorporate this technobabble effect.
*sigh* By that logic it is entirely possible for different kinds of real-world firearms to work on different principles. Oh please.TOS type phasers are a different shape, and are ergonomical while TNG+ phasers are banana-shaped.
Where?TOS phasers do not slowly vaporize, while TNG+ phasers have been demonstrated to have an ultra-slow vaporization setting
Proof.that Lore would use to torture Crusher.
Not by a long shot. Different shape and a hypothetical super-slow desintegration setting that we somehow never see do not suffice to counter 20+ seasons of TNG phasers behaving like TOS ones.Radical enough?
Which counters the need for technobabble how? By all means explain NDF without it.No. I like Drachefly's explaination,Uh-huh. You need technobabble for phasers to work in the first place. So?
Well, how DO they? KE is possible thanks to Drachefly's explanation, but how do they gain momentum?When I say phaser particles "gain" KE and momentum, I do not mean that they magically gain them.
Um-no. The explosion/neutrino ideas use the target matter to transfer KE to it. The phaser particles itself maintain whatever little KE they had from the word go.The explosion idea is good enough for me, or the jet of neutrinos idea, or the phaser particles gaining KE midflight. Either one of those three means the phaser particles gain KE and transfer it to the target.
Neither of which has the phaser particles gaining KE in any way shape or form.I don't say that they magically gain it. Either the explosion idea, or the oppositely-oriented reaction mass with the phaser ditching some of its energy mid-transit into oppositely oriented force, or the neutrino stream idea.Your 'phaser particles magically gain KE/momentum' theory is just as technobabblish. Why should we prefer it?
*sigh* Let's not go over this, or at least not here.According to Jason Miles research, pulse phasers are the only consistent application of KE transfer. So they are different, in a way.Just as long as you are aware that there is no evidence for pulse phasers working on a different mechanism than beam ones do. But let's not go there again.
Whenever did I say he did?Wong uses the neutrino eurption theory to explain how momentum is conserved, not as a way to explain violation of conservation of momentum!Neither is your KE/momentum gain.The less violations of physical laws, the better. KE "gain" or "transfer" is a far better theory than "technobabble" because the technobabble isn't defined in any way.
Between the neutrinos and the target, NOT the phaser particles and the target!!! The neutrinos are gnerated from the target's mass, how does the momentum of the phaser particles factor into this?Neutrinos have momentum! There must be KE transfer!
Oh? You know a real-world physics explanation on how toTechnobabble is undefined by definition! (Its fucking called technobabble because we don't know how the mechanisms behind it) Wong's theory is not fucking technobabble!
Um-were exactly did I say he did?I say again -- Wong uses the neutrino eurption theory to explain how momentum is conserved, not as a way to explain violation of conservation of momentum!IF we had reason to assume it were anything but DET, which we don't. That there is SOMETHING technobablish about phaser KE effects is a known fact. The question is where to put the technobabble. There's no reason to prefer your theory over any other. Actually, the neutrino surge one is better than yours because it only requires one application of technobabble, in a place where we already KNOW something technobabblish is happening-the phaser effect on the target.
And for the third time, I never said he did!!!I say for a third time -- Wong uses the neutrino eurption theory to explain how momentum is conserved, not as a way to explain violation of conservation of momentum!Good. Where do the phaser particles GET there momentum, then?Conservation of momentum isn't something that we should go about violating with technobabble every chance we get -- we should bend over backwards not to violate it.
Gaining KE is just as technobabblish. You're merely putting the technobabble in a different position. What's the differece between the phaser particles magically gaining KE/momentum and the phaser magically pushing people back? It's still technobabble!!!
And that has what exactly to do with your 'phaser particles gain KE/momentum in mid-flight' theory? I have already stated umpteen times that I prefer that theory over yours!!!!!!!Neutrinos have momentum! There must be KE transfer! Wong's theory is not technobabble! Holy fucking shit. He defines the neutrinos as oppositely oriented reaction force pushing the guy back! If that's not KE I don't know what is!
Neither neutrino theory has the phaser particles gain KE in any way shape or form, and none of them has them gaining momentum.You already have three definitions -- the phaser particles ditching some of their mass and converting it to oppositely oriented raction force, Drachefly's neutrino explosion theory, and Wong's Neutrino Eurption theory (I think is similar to Drachefly's, except Wong proposes a beam of neutrinos while Drachefly proposes an explosion of neutrinos). By the way, all of these events conserve momentum and make the phaser particles gain KE to tranfer to the target! Holy shit!Great. Define the mechanism by which the phaser particles gain KE/momentum.At the very least you have to define this technobabble mechanism before you start using it.
Are you being deliberately dense? Technobabble creates the neutrino stream/explosion/whatever that imparts the KE to the target!!!!.What is the definition of the technobabble? Technobabble pushes the person back without exerting any momentum or force?
Ah yes. The phaser particles magically gaining momentum does NOT violate CoM but the phaser doing something to the target to create it does. Yes that makes so much sense.Because if I understand clearly, that is what "the phaser pushes people magically push people back" implies (you said that Batman, scroll up!).HOOOOOOOOLLLLLLLLLLYYYYYYYYYYYYY SHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIT. Conservation of fucking momentum is the difference!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Batman wrote:What's the differece between the phaser particles magically gaining KE/momentum and the phaser magically pushing people back? It's still technobabble!!!
The technobabble would be the process that creates the neutrinos you moron. Unless you can explain how phasers do that?By the way, Wong's neutrino stream theory is clearly defined and is not technobabble. So I don't know what you are trying to get at with technobabble.
No you gibberling!! I happen to think they do 'something' to the target which causes it to be pushed back (like, you know, the neutrino stream theory). I call it 'magical' because we have no clue how the process works.The way I understand it now, you think that the "phaser particles magically push people back"!
The point being that THEY DO NOT GAIN KE IN THE EXPLOSION SCENARIO.brianeyci wrote: ES READ THAT BATMAN Like I posted above I don't care if they gain KE midflight or during an explosion.
well, ok, if the phaser particles cause an explosion but are not actually consitutents of the explosion, then what you say is correct. But it was merely a poor choice of wording for a special case, not getting the physics wrong.Batman wrote:The point being that THEY DO NOT GAIN KE IN THE EXPLOSION SCENARIO.brianeyci wrote: ES READ THAT BATMAN Like I posted above I don't care if they gain KE midflight or during an explosion.
The KE imparted on the target in an explosion scenario has JACK SHIT to do with the KE of the phaser particles.
Yes it WAS. Either the phaser particles gain KE or they do not.drachefly wrote:well, ok, if the phaser particles cause an explosion but are not actually consitutents of the explosion, then what you say is correct. But it was merely a poor choice of wording for a special case, not getting the physics wrong.Batman wrote:The point being that THEY DO NOT GAIN KE IN THE EXPLOSION SCENARIO.brianeyci wrote: ES READ THAT BATMAN Like I posted above I don't care if they gain KE midflight or during an explosion.
The KE imparted on the target in an explosion scenario has JACK SHIT to do with the KE of the phaser particles.
Why? Taking the neutrino burst theory, the KE is imparted on the target via part of the target matter being converted into neutrinos and vented in a specific direction. I fail to see how the phaser particles are involved beyond triggering the conversion reaction. Their KE quite simply doesn't factor into it.This is especially so since it would be reasonable to suppose that the phaser interacts with the target in such a way that all the KE imparted to the target must first go through the phaser particles.
I fail to see how this is a reasonable supposition when there's no reason for the phaser particles to be involved beyond triggering the NDF reaction.It's far from a foregone conclusion that this is the case, but since it at first blush seems a reasonable supposition, it is quite unnecessarily abrasive to simply assert that it's wrong, in all caps.
Indeed. That would be the reason for me calling that effect a technobabbly one, which seems to have irritated Brian to no enddrachefly wrote:Well, in the neutrino cascade theory, we must note that matter does not normally just turn into neutrinos willy-nilly.
I still fail to see why, but since my main gripe was with Brians 'phaser particles magically gaining KE/momentum in mid-flight' theory (which he seems to have backed off on) I don't particularly care.So, it would be highly reasonable to suppose that the phaser particles act as a mediating agent -- and that they keep bouncing back and forth emitting neutrinos and annihilating the target. So they would never get all that much KE at once, but during the course of the annihilation, all of the gained KE would pass through them.
*scratches head*Jason L. Miles wrote:OK, I've only got a minute, but I have a quick question for those with. In a lot of the longer phaser fights, people are hiding behind cover, thier opponents fire at them, even though there is little/no possiblility of a hit. Is this covering fire, or should I count this as a straight miss?. Given the number of shots fired in this manner, this is a very important question for my hit/miss calcs.
Well look. If you had said "I explain the phaser particles not gaining KE by saying that the phaser particles start a chain reaction which causes neutrinos to create an oppositely oriented force thereby conserving momentum", I wouldn't have disagreed.Batman wrote:Indeed. That would be the reason for me calling that effect a technobabbly one, which seems to have irritated Brian to no end
Holy shit it sounded like you were suggesting that there was no force acting on the target at all.Batman wrote:What's the differece between the phaser particles magically gaining KE/momentum and the phaser magically pushing people back? It's still technobabble!!!
Good, so am I.As long as it's clear that the KE/momentum is provided by something that happens to the target matter
Jason, since you're already looking through the DVD's, I'm really interested in the packing crate phenomenon and whether or not it is used to the effect that it is claimed to be. Specifically,Jason L. Miles wrote:...covering fire,
The automatic weapons fire that Sisko used could have been extremely ammunition consuming, or perhaps that rapid of a fire damages the weapon somehow, or perhaps Sisko had a special weapon from a Jem'Hadar "first" who has a weapon different than normal Jem'Hadar. (We know that Firsts have different privileges than normal Jem'Hadar, including being able to see outside of a ship in a battle while the rest of the crew doesn't have access to a viewscreen) Stupidity is always the last resort answer, there are many reasons why Jem'Hadar might not use automatic all the time. Maybe they are trained to take good shots, one shot one kill type of philosophy, so their training frowns on wasting ammunition and bursting all the time.Also, it just proves the Jem'Hadar are bigger idiots than I thought, they have the capability, but don't use it.
Well, off hand, the episode "Blaze of Glory" includes a lot of Jem'Hadar weapons hitting packing crates, almost every round fired in that episode hits them. I'll make a not of any packing crates that come up in the episodes I have left, but I'm almost 3/4 done with DS9. Voyager will happen at a much slower pace, as I don't have the DVDs and am not going to run out to get them, (I do plan to get them, it will just take a while as I have other things to spend my money on.)brianeyci wrote:Jason, since you're already looking through the DVD's, I'm really interested in the packing crate phenomenon and whether or not it is used to the effect that it is claimed to be. Specifically,Jason L. Miles wrote:...covering fire,
1. How often to people take cover behind packing/cargo crates.
2. Is it a Fed phaser firing at the packing crates, or a Jem'Hadar weapon.
3. Are there examples of phaser fire penetrating packing crates
4. Are the same packing crates ever pushed around/lifted, so we can assume that it isn't exceptionally heavy, or are they moved around with anti-grav units.
In the episode mentioned above, dialog indicates that the crates will block the fire, because they are made of some material I can't remember the name of.Basically the motivation behind this is to see whether or not there would be reason to assume you could create armor out of phaser resistant materials. If the packing crates are light, are used a lot by people fighting in cargo bays, are effective, and are resistant against Fed phaser fire, one could argue that you could make a suit of armor out of packing crate material and be invincible to Fed phasers.