January 1909
The destroyer
Reynolds was commissioned.
The beginning of the year brought with it news of demonstrations and social disturbances striking several Russian cities.
Tsar Nicholas was beginning to repent of allowing himself to be talked into the war. So far it had only seen setbacks. The Japanese Army had won the opening battles in Northern Korea and Manchuria. The Germans were calling for extra forces in Alsace-Lorraine to prepare for a large-scale offensive when Russia needed as many troops as it could send to Manchuria. Now the protests and disturbances shook his prior confidence that Russia was ready for the war.
Under his instructions, the Russian Embassy in the United States approached the Cascadians with a
status quo antebellum peace agreement.
The response in Portland was mixed. The growing influence of Flagg and other peace supporters threatened the toppling of the Government one day, should they lose their parliamentary majorities. But the country was winning the war on the sea. Admiral Garrett proposed that it was too early to make peace, not without undermining the nation's confidence. With his recommendation at hand, the Hawks countered the Russian proposal with one requiring Germany withdraw from the Marianas Islands and cede Lorraine back to France.
The Cascadian counter-offer was a waste. None of the other powers wanted peace yet. Japan had its sights set on Manchuria. Cascadia wanted Tsingtao and possibly other German or Russian possessions in the Pacific. France was eager to reclaim Alsace-Lorraine. Germany was also quite devoted to the war now, believing it the best chance they had to put France down for another generation and then claim Samoa by overwhelming the Cascadians and Japanese in the Pacific.
In the end, Tsar Nicholas II's peace offer was meaningless by any pragmatic purpose.
During the month, raiding had mostly petered out. The German cruiser
Hertha continued to prowl off the Cascadian coast, avoiding the Cascadian cruisers tasked to her destruction. She could only manage one ship sent to the bottom in all of the month.
Fairbanks did the same. Still operating out of the French ports along Africa's western coasts, the raiding cruiser spotted and sunk a Russian merchantman before she could get to a neutral port.
The French fleet bombarded the Tanganyikan coast, to some moderate effect.
Meanwhile there was a one-sided naval combat in Korea Bay.
Cascadian cruisers supporting the siege of Tsingtao sortied into the northern part of the Yellow Sea, near the Liaotung Peninsula. The
Nez Perce,
Vancouver, and
Richland led four destroyers in the sortie.
They caught two Russian destroyers patrolling out of Port Arthur and sank them both after about eighty minutes of maneuvering and firing. This success was followed up by sweeping the coastline and picking off two Russian merchant ships. With the clean sweep completed, the
Nez Perce and her force returned to their siege positions.
To better support efforts against the large German fleet amassing in Rabaul and Guam, the Navy ordered expansions to the naval facilities at Chuuk, Palau, and Yap.
The Admiralty
Portland, Federal District
28 January 1909
"What is it, precisely, that I am looking at?", Admiral Garrett asked his new Chief of Naval Design and Procurement, Vice Admiral Arnold Davies.
The tall Albertan man had placed a technical drawing of what looked to be a big metal box with slight curves on the ends and a large caterpillar track on the bottom. "A landship of some sort," Davies answered. "A fellow I know back in Calgary proposed it a year or so ago."
"What fellow?"
"An American immigrant from Kansas working as a draftsman for a farm equipment company, Johnson Brothers," Davies clarified. "Tom Barnes is the name. Anyway, he passed it on to me when I was last home checking up on my parents' farm. With a war looming he thought it might work against enemy trenches and defenses."
"Hrm. The armored steel hull might work, I suppose. You could pass this on to… who's that fellow now in charge at the Army Quartermaster?"
"General Knox."
"Ah. Knox, yes. Send it on to him, with my blessing. Anything to help our friends in the Army deal with German trenches once they get to France."
February 1909
With Cascadian and Japanese support, the rebellions on Saipan and Tinian continued to reduce the German garrisons and tie down German forces in the Pacific. The leader of the rebelling forces, Don Pedro de la Vega, urged the two powers to invade as soon as possible. While his rebels were holding their own for the moment, they lacked the manpower to wage even an attritional war. The revolt needed immediate reinforcement if it was to survive.
But whether it could get such reinforcement was up to debate. The Japanese fleet was remaining concentrated in the Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea, supporting Japan's Manchurian aspirations. Cascadia also had a substantial force in place to support the forthcoming invasion of Kiautschou. The Cascadian naval forces in the Philippines and Carolines were only powerful enough to thwart any German moves against Cascadian holdings or Japanese Formosa, not to support an invasion of the islands.
And so, for de la Vega and his people, the rebellion against Germany became a question of how long they could hold out.
The situation in Russia remained explosive. Increased protests and demonstrations rocked the great cities of Russia throghout the month while the price of bread increased.
More disturbances in Russia
The
Carter and
Adama commissioned.
The Executive Mansion
Portland, Federal District
8 February 1909
President Matthews and Secretary of State Lakeland were overseeing the day's meeting of the War Cabinet. The strategy elements of the meeting had led to Admiral Garrett's summoning, as it had with the Army Chief of Staff, General Patrick Landers.
They were now pouring over a map of France and Germany's common border. Markings were placed to show where the Cascadian Expeditionary Army, now 400,000 strong, were awaiting orders with the French to commence an offensive.
It was the nature of that effort now being discussed. "The Army is in need of more funds to furnish the gear and arms our boys need in Europe," Landers explained. He kept his eyes on Garrett before saying, "I think we would best be served if the Army were granted more of the war budget that was set aside for the Navy."
It didn't surprise Garrett in the slightest to hear that. "My ships are what keep our communications with France open," the Admiral pointed out. "I can't afford to have much taken from me."
Landers frowned at that. "Admiral, with all due respect, your ships can't win a land war. And if the French are forced out of the war by German armies, your ships will be outnumbered when the Germans send their fleet to the Pacific. My boys need that support."
The Admiral considered that. He thought of his own efforts, the budgets he was spending to assist with them… and finally nodded. "I understand. I could make do with some diversion of funds from the Navy, so long as the Army makes sure to make good use of them."
"Our boys will, sir, I can guarantee that," Landers insisted.
West Portland, Oregon
12 February 1909
Admiral Garrett stepped out of the horseless cab with his umbrella up and catching the rain pouring down. A late winter rain had turned the weather gloomy… excellent weather for a war, he supposed. For the mood of one anyway.
He entered the home and allowed Josephine to take his umbrella and coat. "They're waiting for you in the parlor, sir," she said. "The miss and the children."
"Really? It's about dinner time, though, I would imagine the dining room…" He said nothing more at that point and went on to the parlor.
Rachel was in a chair. Gabbie, now a rambunctious four year old, was in her lap looking tthrough a childrens' picture book. Sophie, tall and growing into womanhood like a hand fitting into a glove, was in a plain dress and enamored in her own book. Thomas was sitting beside Rachel. He had something in his hand.
The Admiral looked at his younger son. Thomas had a look about him of anticipation and nervousness. And he could see Rachel was frowning. "What did you get, Tom?" He kept an even expression. "A response from Berkeley?"
Thomas wordlessly handed him the paper. He took it and unfolded it.
The heading said it all. "National Service Administration".
A painful twist filled Admiral Garrett's stomach.
Thomas had been drafted.
"I'm to report next week," Thomas explained. "For medical evaluation."
"I see." He found a seat and considered the paper in his hand. "Well, I… I am certainly surprised."
"Can't you stop it?", Rachel asked. "He's going to be accepted to Berkeley. He's too smart to be shanghaied into the Army!"
"It is out of my power, love," he answered in apology. "National Service answers to the War Office, not the Navy."
"But there must be something you can do!", she insisted. "Some way to keep him in university!"
"I have no authority to do anything on this matter, darling," the Admiral sighed. "It's not my department. The Service department will decide whether or not Tom goes to the Army or Navy or anywhere."
"It's… alright, mother," Thomas insisted. "And some of the other boys are talking about enlisting together. They'll let us, I hear. We'll get posted to a battalion being raised in West Portland."
"I'd rather you weren't at all!", Rachel shouted. "You're too brilliant, Tom, to go off and get killed in Europe. You'll serve the nation better as a scholar, not a soldier!"
Rachel was so clearly upset that the Admiral went over to her and set a hand on her shoulder. He had to admit he was reeling himself. Rafael had
chosen his service; Thomas was being ordered into the army by the Government. His son was not soldier material. He was a thinker.
But the Republic was at war. And she was calling her sons to the colors. He couldn't stop that.
It was a terrible thing to be confronted with. The idea of Thomas dying on a distant battlefield, far from the cool green hills of the Cascadian heartland or the warm Californian sun he was born under.
It made all of those parents who had tried to slip their sons into Canada and the United States all the more understandable now. That the idea occurred to the Admiral stunned him. It would destroy his career if something like that happened…
"Mom, Pa, it'll be fine," Thomas insisted. "I'll sign up with Mike and Lewis and the others. We'll watch each other's backs." His voice lacked the confidence his words tried to convey. "I mean… there's nothing else I can do anyway. Not unless I leg it for Canada or the US, right? And that would ruin you, Pa. It'd cost you the Admiralty. I'm not going to let you down like that."
"There is the possibility of a deferment," the Admiral said. "If you can show you are going to higher education in a field of national importance."
"You did talk about becoming a doctor," Rachel said hopefully.
"That was just one idea," Thomas reminded his mother. "I really want to study law. I don't think they give deferments for that."
"There is military law," the Admiral pointed out. "The Judge Advocate Generals' Offices in each service. You would have to commit to becoming an officer with a regular commission, of course."
"I know. Well… I'm not sure. I'll see what the examiner says, I suppose."
The Admiral put a hand on his son's shoulder. "Whatever happens, I'm proud of you, Tom. I know you'll do something both smart and right."
"I'll always be proud of you," Rachel added. "I just think this is wrong for you."
This entire time the girls had remained quiet. Gabriela was still little, of course, but Sophie was reading a bit too intently. Admiral Garrett looked to her. "Sophie, are you alright?"
His question went unanswered. He called to her again.
That seemed to prompt a reaction. "I hate it," she said simply, and with some anger.
"Sophie?"
"I hate that Tom is being taken by the war," Sophie declared. "I hate the war and I think it should be stopped. All it does is get people killed."
Which, of course, was not an untrue view on war. He took his daughter by the shoulder, gently, and said, "I know it does. But there are principles in matters, dear. Sometimes peace can be worse than war."
"That doesn't make sense," Sophie protested.
"Not now, it doesn't. But when you've seen more of the world, more of how terrible things can be… you'll understand."
Even as he said those things, a chill went through the Admiral. Rafael would be graduating the Academy in a year. And now his other son was drafted. Both of them would face danger in the war if it continued on much longer.
And, as things stood, it would be going on for quite a while.
Mare Island designers perfected new Diesel engines for submersible craft.
Contact was lost with the
Tarpon in Alaskan waters. Reports indicated a Russian gunboat may have caught the ship on the surface and sunk her before she could dive.
It was a decent month for Cascadian raiders.
Fairbanks sank 2 German merchantmen in the waters off Cameroon.
Las Vegas claimed another German north of Ireland. The
Juneau had the best hunting of all, claiming three Russian merchant ships in the North Sea and off the Norwegian Coast.
The
Marine Nationale conducted another attack on German possessions in Africa, causing damage to several shore installations.
The Cascadian Navy launched a major sortie into the Bismarcks, attempting to bring large elements of the German fleet to battle.
The battlecruiser
Reprisal led a formation with the armored cruiser
Reliant and the destroyers
Bainbridge,
Rodriguez, and
Abraham Lincoln. They sighted the enemy not long after dawn in the waters between New Ireland and New Britain. The German armored cruiser
Prinz Adalbert, a
Prinz Heinrich-class ship, led three destroyers north from New Britain.
The battle immediately became fierce. The
Lincoln lost a turret temporarily to enemy destroyer shelling.
Reprisal took repeated hits from the
Prinz Adalbert, but the enemy shells couldn't penetrate her superior armor. The
Prinz Adalbert soon took several hits of her own from
Reprisal and
Reliant. By 1000 she was burning and crippled. She started to sink ten minutes later.
Meanwhile
Reprisal caught another contact; an enemy destroyer who had fallen away from the battle with engine damage.
Reprisal caught up and sunk her with repeated hits from her casemate and deck guns.
The second of three enemy destroyers was chased to the New Ireland coast and sunk by shellfire from
Bainbridge.
The Battle of the Bismarcks was thus a clear and complete Cascadian victory. The German Pacific Fleet grew even more cautious afterward, worried that losing any further ships would ruin Germany's presence in the Pacific.
March 1909
The
Riker is commissioned.
The Japanese Government approves the dispatch of advisors to Cascadian yards to demonstrate hydraulic riveting techniques, to improve the efficiency of hull designs.
Naval Artillery reported that they had completed work on crafting triple turrets for warships.
The
Hertha arrived in West Africa, where she sank a Cascadian merchant near the Congo.
The Japanese dislodged Russian troops from another defensive position near the Yalu river.
The Russian fleet ignored a challenge toward the Liaotung Peninsula by a Cascadian detachment.
A Russian
Griden-class cruiser, the
AlmazI, intercepts the
San Jose northeast of Ceylon.
Realizing he is outgunned, the Russian tries to break north. The
San Jose pursues and begins a chase of several hours before the shellfire slows the Russian enough that
San Jose puts a torpedo into her and finishes the Russian cruiser off.
In France, the Cascadian Expeditionary Force reaches a strength of 450,000 combat ready troops, a substantial contribution if still relatively small compared to the number of French and German men under the colors in Europe.
General Roger Parker, commander of the force, confers with the French Army on their employment. The decision is made to place the two forces, organized into the 1st and 2nd Armies and IX Corps as a ready reserve, into the flank of an intended French offensive in April. The French had intelligence of a planned German offensive with the arriving Russian forces and believed a spoiling attack could catch the Russo-German armies by surprise. The Cascadians and the Japanese Expeditionary Force, a two corps-sized army under General Maresuke Nogi, would participate on the flank of the French attack into Lorraine, tasked with securing northern roadways into Lorraine towards Metz.
April 1909
The Cascadian 8th Infantry Division, under Major General Andrew Brewer, continues its campaign to take Tsingtao. In a series of tightly-fought actions the 8th Infantry Division and its attached regiments take several critical positions despite intensive resistance in the heights of the concession zone, tightening the noose around the German-held Chinese city and isolating several German units from their main defenses.
On the 8th of April the weather permitted the launching of the Allied offensive. The Germans were caught by some surprise and lost several forward positions to the Allied armies.
But this success soon rebounded against them. Von Schlieffen ordered a counter-attack. German divisions were thrown into the northern flank against the relatively untried Cascadian and Japanese divisions. Initially the German counter-offensive was blunted in fierce fighting - one action would lead to correspondents dubbing the Cascadian 2nd Guards Regiment worthy of their nickname of "The Iron Wall" - until the Cascadian 4th Division broke under fierce German shelling and attack. The Cascadian positions faltered and General Brewer was compelled to order a withdrawal back to their starting lines. The Germans, looking to turn this into a rout of the Allied armies in France, launched a second attack on the beleaguered Cascadian forces. IX Corps was sent in to recover the situation and prevent the Germans from overrunning the Cascadian units as they retreated to their starting positions.
The French, recognizing the danger to their flanks, fell back from their own gains and attempted a counter-attack on the German flank that was thrown back with heavy losses.
By the end of the month, the Allied armies were back to their starting position, having suffered over two hundred thousand casualties with nothing to show for it. Several Cascadian brigades and regiments were utterly devastated. The Cascadian Expeditionary Force had suffered over 90,000 casualties by the end of the month. The Japanese had suffered proportional losses given their numbers. France had lost well over 100,000. The offensive was a terrible failure and resulted in the sacking of several French commanders as well as the commanders of the two Cascadian Armies and the commander of 4th Division. The German Army was spent for the moment, but with Russian reinforcements arriving the momentum along the border was with them.
In Cascadia, the wires coming from Europe soon turned the hope of a victory into frustration and despair. All of Representative Flagg's predictions seemed to be coming true; the Cascadian Navy had yet to win a truly big success and the Army in France had just suffered a major setback. Cascadian boys were dying by the thousands on French soil for nothing.
Secretary of State Lakeland soon found his Government challenged. A war appropriations bill in the House came under intense attack and soon developed into a real threat of toppling his Cabinet. Lakeland threw his full weight into wrangling the despairing Liberals flirting with the Doves back into line. On its final vote, the bill passed by two extra votes than needed, a narrow victory that prevented Lakeland from being toppled for the moment.
But he needed a victory of some sort soon, or he wouldn't be able to save his Government.
The
Jackson and
O'Neill are commissioned, finishing the run of
Kirk-class destroyers.
The
Bremerton is also commissioned before her lead-ship, the
San Francisco. During trials, however, it turns out that errors in construction have caused the ship to be slightly overweight.
Another good month for the raiders passes.
Fairbanks sinks three merchantmen in the waters of West Africa.
Juneau got another in the North Sea, and
Las Vegas sank two.
Meanwhile the Germans lost one raider, with the
Hansa being interned. The Russian cruiser
Rossiya sank a Cascadian merchantman in the Mediterranean.
Russian
Rossiya sinks 1 Cas in Med
The
Nez Perce led a raiding force that intercepted a Russian coastal convoy near Vladivostok, in heavy rain and bad weather. The armored cruiser and her fellows fell upon the enemy rapidly, forced to stay within 1,000 yards due to the bad visibility of the storm conditions.
The conditions were so bad that
Vancouver accidentally rammed one of the enemy transports due to a mistake in maneuver.
After half an hour two of the enemy merchants were completely sunk. The others had fatal blows and would go down in the storm.
The force attempted to chase the enemy escorts fleeing toward Vladivostok. But wind conditions soon whipped up into a full storm and the
Weld took damage. With the mission accomplished, the Cascadian force broke off and returned to port.
Nez Perce,
Richland,
Vancouver lead
Sherman,
Juarez, and
Weld against Russian convoy off Primorsk Coast - Heavy Rain, contact at 0721 visibility 1.5k yards
With the funds from the war and the completion of the
Kirk-class ships, Admiral Garrett decided to order a third ship of the
Constitution line, the
Republic.
Third
Constitution,
Republic, laid.
May 1909
May Day came. And with it, Representative Flagg and his party threw massive Socialist rallies in Portland, San Francisco, Seattle, Vancouver, and several other major cities. The marches and speeches celebrated the advancement of the labor movement and the increased voting for Socialist candidates. With the disaster in France known, it was also converted into an anti-war demonstration. Flagg stopped short of advocating the complete overthrow of the government but he did call on more strikes and anti-war marches to push the Parliament into toppling Lakeland's Cabinet. Privately he was certain that the defeat in Europe provided the necessary first step to defeating the Hawks in Parliament. The war was not going according to Lakeland's plan.
And then, suddenly, it wasn't going to Flagg's either.
"It is with great pleasure that I present to you, Mister President, and to the people of Cascadia... the Chinese city of Tsingtao, with over 4,000 German prisoners…." - Excerpt of telegraph wired from General Brewer, Tsingtao, to President Matthews and the Army Chiefs of Staff, Portland. Signed 2 May 1909.
After over half a year under siege from vigorous Cascadian attacks, having been abandoned by the German Pacific Squadron and placed under blockade by Cascadian and Japanese ships, the German governor Oscar von Truppel relented. The entirety of the German concession in China was surrendered to the Cascadian Republic.
The fall of Tsingtao was the jolt Cascadian morale needed after the bloody April in Europe. German power in the Pacific, while not destroyed, had been severely undermined. Cascadia immediately opened negotiations with the Chinese government with the intent of taking over the German concession. In Portland Parliament ordered a reward for General Brewer and his troops. Newspapers across the nation trumpeted the victory. A town in Montana renamed itself Brewerville, and the city of Boise celebrated their native son by a popular push to have him elected mayor when the war was over.
In Berlin, Chancellor von Bülow's sour predictions suddenly seemed to be coming true. Tsingtao had been Germany's gate to the markets of China and its teeming masses. Now that vital port was in Cascadian hands, and Germany had nothing with which to compel her to return it. A growing peace party in the
Reichstag demanded a change in the ministry and negotiations before Germany's losses mounted.
Cascadian shipyards finished their dock expansion.
The
San Francisco was commissioned.
The Admiralty approved construction and employment of Q-ships; armed anti-submersible ships disgusied as trawlers and merchants.
Q-Ships research advanced
It was slim pickings for the Cascadian Navy in May. Only the
Fairbanks succeeded in a sinking, in West Africa. The German
Gefion sank two Cascadian merchants in Southeast Asia, threatening the ongoing trade with British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies, while the
Nymphe sank two ships on the routes to Hawai'i while prowling the East Pacific.
French forces took another key city in Togo, threatening that German colony with collapse.
The loss of morale was not Germany's alone. The Russian fleets in the Pacific showed a lack of energy, refusing to engage the Cascadian fleet off Vladivostok and even calling off a coastal raid on Cape Disappointment on the Cascadian Coast due to the presence of Cascadian cruisers.
The Navy immediately contracted for an expansion to the German fleet base at Tsingtao, now under Cascadian control.
A second
Sacramento-class cruiser, the
Tacoma, was ordered.
Due to the defeat in April, the Cascadian Army begins to take the armored treaded vehicle concept seriously. The Kansas-born inventor, Thomas Barnes of Calgary, is hired to join the Army engineers in improving the design. By the end of the month work was already proceeding on the first test models, with plans to begin production as soon as the design was considered suitable.
June 1909
The fall of Tsingtao gave one last ember to the faltering forces of de la Vega in Saipan. This was necessary, as his supporters on Tinian were now surrendering their last stronghold to the victorious German garrison. Meeting with a Cascadian supply force, de la Vega pleaded for the Cascadians to immediately invade Saipan before his worn down guerrillas were crushed utterly.
De la Vega's plight was known in Portland. President Matthews urged the Army and Navy to act. But the German forces in the Pacific were still too strong to safely conduct an invasion, Admiral Garrett insisted. He needed time to bring their reinforced Pacific Squadron and its battleships to battle. The Army went even further and refused to commit to such a rapid invasion; its forces in the Pacific were still re-orientating from thee taking of Tsingtao, and another group of divisions were on their way to France. The Army wouldn't have the manpower ready for another few months, at least.
French naval officials requested permission to purchase plans for Cascadian naval ordnance, specifically the increased oblique penetration capabilities they had now. The sale was approved.
Japan defeated another Russian counter-attack on the Yalu River. The Japanese were on the verge of another offensive toward Mukden or Port Arthur.
Another German submersible was sunk, this time off the coast of Normandy.
The Russians refused an engagement in the waters off Kamchatka.
On June 6th, at 1642 local, a Russian armored cruiser nearly intercepted the
Fairbanks off the Congo.
Fairbanks turned northwest to evade and got away during dusk before the Russian got into firing range.
A new dock expansion project was ordered.
The wartime budget expansions had given Admiral Garrett one unexpected ability: the ability to expand the Navy's construction planning by sustaining work on three new sovereign-type battleships as well as the new model of scout cruisers.
