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NOT with them. Conservatives do not approach problems from a standpoint of empirical reasoning but one of emotion and "gut feel".
Most folks will not believe something which they consider to be unreasonable. The problem is addressing the fallacious aspects of their reasoning. If they haven't got empirical evidence, that should be addressed. It often isn't, because people try to play around the Golden Mean.
I also find that liberals and conservatives routinely talk past each other, which was a major component of my original post.
Once again, the reasons that most conservatives oppose universal health care involve (1) automatic assumption that anything government-run is (a) going to be steeped in inefficient bureaucracy that pays more attention to process than outcome, ratcheting up costs while driving down service; (b) will have less incentive than a for-profit corporation to achieve outcomes that are both cost-effective and customer-oriented; (c) going to result in rationing that reduces the overall availability, or quality, of care for all; (d) going to provide an opportunity for "infiltration" of political ideology into health service. I have never once heard a conservative insist that universal health care is abhorrent because some people deserve suffering. The implication of, "There's no reason for somebody not to have a job," is not, "I think some people ought to suffer."
The problem is that, rather than those assumptions actually being tested, they're just taken
a priori or even on blind faith. This is doctrinal, not empirical, thinking at work here. And while "there's no reason for somebody not to have a job" does not in and of itself imply "I think some people ought to suffer", the rhetoric about "welfare queens", "welfare bums" or "people who made bad choices in life that
I shouldn't have to pay for" is a decided value-judgement on who "deserves" to get help and who doesn't.
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The problem is that "reasonable" Republicans who still remain part of that party have become rather adept at not seeing the uglier sides of the groups that are part of their coalition, or they rather neatly employ their own form of doublethink to avoid the dilemma. As for hard-core conservatives, there is no dilemma, of course. They are right and everybody else is wrong in their view and it's on everybody else to change —not them.
The latter description could easily apply to virtually every political party, and faction, out there. Most Americans refuse to listen to each other -- in part because the expectation of enlightening debate has been driven way down by the twenty-four hour media "blah blah" cycle.
While the above is true to a degree in every political party, the situation with the GOP has gotten to the point where anybody who simply does not hold to a tribalist loyalty to that party is driven out one way or the other, and that tribalist loyalty involves either blind fealty to right wing doctrine or a willingness to not challenge it by word, deed, or implication.
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They do not see the problem in that way. In fact, they see it precisely the opposite way: prohibition and punishment eventually will work in the end and they remain steadfast in that conviction despite all empirical evidence to the contrary. See the War on Some Drugs and Zero Tolerance laws.
Conservatives don't study the War on "Some" Drugs the way you do. They hear, "We should legalize this drug," and they think, "Oh, my God! That's awful! You're suggesting that we should let people get smashed out of their minds and potentially hurt themselves or others!"
Most people want Good Outcomes™. You may disagree about what is a Good Outcome™, but the impulses of any two folks, selected randomly, are generally very similar in their origin. There should be middle ground. It begins with a discussion of what partial legalization means, and why the money spent in the War on Drugs seems to go to waste. A Republican will stand there and argue about principles; they will rarely say, "I think we need to be throwing good money after the bad!" unless they're convinced you're lying through your teeth about how effective the program is or could be.
Funny, you essentially make my argument with a lot more unnecessary wordage attached to it. Comes down to the same thing: conservatives do not think in terms of empiricism but "deeply held convictions". Or rather, gut-feelings. These sort of people are not interested in any sort of middle-ground, which they see as compromise with evil. And yes, when you talk about the possible benefits of even partial legalisation, they
do assume you're lying through your teeth or, at best, are horribly misguided.
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See Calvinism. Cost is merely an excuse and "socialism" is seen as a threat to the Divine Plan according to Calvinist doctrine. It does come down to "who deserves what" with many of these people. Bill Kristol even let that one slip out on a panel show just a few months ago discussing healthcare reform and why universal coverage paid for by the government would be a Bad Thing™.
I'd like to see hard evidence of this Calvinist undercurrent. My suspicion is that you're confusing lack of sympathy for people who are perceived as "loafers" with a judgment passed randomly on "some people."
And the essential difference is... what, exactly? Their lack of sympathy still translates into any and all resistance to any form of aid for people they consider unworthy of it. That is Calvinist.
As for the Bill Kristol example, a
partial transcript of the moment Jon Stewart trapped and destroyed him on
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Weekly Standard editor and Fox News pundit Bill Kristol got booed heavily on The Daily Show Monday night when he said that ordinary Americans don’t “deserve” the same standard of health care that soldiers receive.
But the show’s truly revealing moment came when host Jon Stewart caught Kristol — long an opponent of public health care — admitting that government-run health care for soldiers is superior to private health plans.
On Monday night’s show, Kristol worked to explain why he didn’t support a public health option, arguing in essence that the existence of Medicare and Medicaid provided health coverage to those most in need.
“So no public option, even though that’s good enough for the military — not good enough for the people of America?” Stewart asked.
“They do not deserve the same quality of health care the soldiers fighting deserve, and they [the soldiers] need all kinds of things we don’t need,” Kristol said.
“Are you saying that the American public shouldn’t have access to the same quality of health care that we give to our better citizens?” Stewart asked.
“To our soldiers? Yes, absolutely,” Kristol responded, to a chorus of boos from the audience.
An incredulous Stewart asked: “Really?”
Moments later, Kristol added that “one of the ways we make it up” to soldiers that they receive relatively low pay is by “giving them first class health care. The rest of us can go out and buy insurance.”
That’s when Stewart struck.
“Bill Kristol just said … that the government can run a first-class health care system and a government-run health care system is better than the private health care system.”
“You trapped me somehow,” a visibly uncomfortable Kristol responded.
—and there you have Kristol making a value-judgement on who "deserves" public health care and who doesn't and makes clear that in his view the balance of the American population doesn't deserve public healthcare.
This article, originally published in
Public Eye, traces the Calvinist thread running through doctrinaire conservatism. To quote just three passages which outlines the meld of religious and political ideology in conservative thought:
Chip Berlet wrote:
Republicans have forged a broad coalition of two of the three tendencies that involves moderately conservative Protestants who nonetheless hold some traditional Calvinist ideas; Free Market advocates ranging from multinational executives to economic conservatives to libertarian ideologues; and conservative evangelicals and fundamentalists with a core mission of converting people to their particular brand of Christianity. This is a coalition with many fracture points and disagreements. The Calvinist/Free Market sector is already a coalition based on shared ideas about individual responsibility and successes in Free Market or Laissez Faire capitalism- sometimes called neoliberalism to trace it back to an earlier use of the term "liberal" by philosophers who opposed stringent government regulation of the economy.
Libertarians are against government economic regulations and believe in a Free Market, but libertarians generally also oppose government regulation of social matters such as gay marriage and abortion. These and other social issues, however, are central to the conservative evangelicals and fundamentalists in the Republican coalition. This can get complicated. For example the evangelical idea that it is personal conversion and salvation that will make for a more perfect society, not government programs and policies, sometimes ends up supporting (in a complementary and parallel way) the goal of libertarians and economic conservatives to reduce the size of government.
As the Bush Administration has shifted government social welfare toward "Faith-Based" programs, it has diverted government funding into privatized religious organizations (which raises serious separation of Church and State issues), but the amount of funding applied to "Faith Based" projects is small compared to the large budget cuts in previously governmentfunded government-run social welfare programs. Libertarians approve of the overall budget cuts, but would prefer cutting out the government funding of "Faith Based" projects.
Not all evangelicals and fundamentalists are political conservatives, although most are. The Christian Right is that group of politically conservative Christians - primarily evangelicals and fundamentalists- who have been mobilized into a social movement around social issues and traditional moral values; and who have sought political power through elections and legislation. The Christian Right became a political force in the Republican Party in the 1980s as part of a strategy of right-wing political strategists to enlist evangelical and fundamentalist leaders, especially television evangelists, in building a voter base.
The Christian Right has used populist rhetoric to build a mass base for elitist conservative politics.3 This process leads many people to vote against their economic self-interest, as Thomas Frank observes in his book What's the Matter with Kansas?: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America.4 The Christian Right and their allies in the Republican Party have used fear, demonization, and scapegoating as part of a strategy for "Mobilizing Resentment," the title of a book by PRA founder Jean Hardisty.5 While much of this resentment openly targets women's rights and gay rights, it is also a reaction against the Civil Rights movement and changing racial demographics in the United States, which has created a backlash that author Roberto Lovato calls "White Fear."6 (See Box on White Fear).
Today, the Christian Right is the single largest organized voting block in the Republican Party. These are predominantly White evangelical voters. Most Black Christian evangelicals overwhelmingly vote Democratic. The voting power of White Christian evangelicals has meant they are now political players on the national scene. For example President George W. Bush's first term selection as Attorney General of the United States of John Ashcroft, a hero to the Christian Right and himself a member of the ultra-conservative evangelical denomination Assemblies of God, was a political reward to White evangelical voters.
Some of the goals of manyWhite evangelical conservatives are shared by another group of people who call themselves the Neoconservatives. These are former liberals and leftists who rejected the social, cultural, and political liberation movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Neoconservative social and cultural politics echo many Calvinist themes such as the need to defend traditional morality and the patriarchal family; the special role for America in world affairs, and the righteousness of economic capitalism.
Neoconservatives defend this combination as necessary not only to preserve American civil society, but also for the extension of true democracy worldwide. As elitists, they see themselves as a secular "Elect" who must defend society against the ignorant or radical rabble. And they describe this as the natural culmination of Judeo-Christian Western thought, which allows conservative Jews and Catholics to join the team.
This conservative political coalition has shaped Republican Party policies and transformed American society for over two decades. As the New Right gained power, Republicans- and Democrats- began to support repressive and punitive criminal justice policies that were shaped by one of the historic legacies of Calvinism: the idea that people arrested for breaking laws require punishment, shame, and discipline.
While most mainline Protestant denominations and evangelical churches have jettisoned some of the core tenets of Calvinism, ideas about punishment and retribution brought to our shores by early Calvinist settlers are so rooted in the American cultural experience and social traditions that many people ranging from religious to secular view them as simply "common sense." What Lakoff calls the "Strict Father" model gains its power among conservatives because it dovetails with their ideas of what is a common sense approach to morality, public policy, and crime.
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Calvinists also believe that "God's divine providence [has] selected, elected, and predestined certain people to restore humanity and reconcile it with its Creator."7 These "Elect" were originally thought to be the only people going to Heaven. To the Calvinists, material success and wealth was a sign that you were one of the Elect, and thus were favored by God. Who better to shepherd a society populated by God's wayward children? The poor, the weak, the infirm? God was punishing them for their sins. This theology was spreading at a time when the rise of industrial capitalism tore the fabric of European society, shifting the nature of work and the patterns of family life of large numbers of people. There were large numbers of angry, alienated people who the new elites needed to keep in line to avoid labor unrest and to protect production and profits.
Max Weber, an early sociologist who saw culture as a powerful force that shaped both individuals and society, argued that Calvinism grew in a symbiotic relationship with the rise of industrial capitalism.8 As Sara Diamond explains:
Calvinism arose in Europe centuries ago in part as a reaction to Roman Catholicism's heavy emphasis on priestly authority and on salvation through acts of penance. One of the classic works of sociology, Max Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, links the rise of Calvinism to the needs of budding capitalists to judge their own economic success as a sign of their preordained salvation. The rising popularity of Calvinism coincided with the consolidation of the capitalist economic system. Calvinists justified their accumulation of wealth, even at the expense of others, on the grounds that they were somehow destined to prosper. It is no surprise that such notions still find resonance within the Christian Right which champions capitalism and all its attendant inequalities.
What Calvinism accomplished was to fulfill the psychic needs of both upwardly mobile middle class entrepreneurs and alienated workers. Middle class businessmen (and they were men) could ascribe their economic success to their spiritual superiority. These businessmen and others who were predestined to be the Elect of God could turn to alienated workers, and explain to them that their impoverished economic condition was the result of a spiritual failure ordained by God. Their place in the spiritual (and economic) system was predestined. This refocused anger away from material demands in the here and now. Because of their evil and weak nature, those that sinned or committed crimes had to be taught how to change their behavior through punishment, shame, and discipline.
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Since the 1980s and the rise of the Christian Right, public policy regarding the treatment of criminals has echoed the patriarchal and punitive child-rearing practices favored by many Protestant fundamentalists. Most readers will recognize the phrase: "Spare the rod and spoil the child." This idea comes from a particular authoritarian version of fundamentalist belief. According to Philip Greven:
"The authoritarian Christian family is dependent on coercion and pain to obtain obedience to authority within and beyond the family, in the church, the community, and the polity. Modern forms of Christian fundamentalism share the same obsessions with obedience to authority characteristic of earlier modes of evangelical Protestantism, and the same authoritarian streak evident among seventeenth- and eighteenthcentury Anglo-American evangelicals is discernible today, for precisely the same reasons: the coercion of children through painful punishments in order to teach obedience to divine and parental authority."21
The belief in the awful and eternal punishment of a literal Hell justifies the punishment, shame, and discipline of children by parents who want their offspring to escape a far worse fate. This includes physical or "corporal" forms of punishment. "Many advocates of corporal punishment are convinced that such punishment and pain are necessary to prevent the ultimate destruction and damnation of their children's souls."22 This is often accompanied by the idea that a firm male hand rightfully dominates the family and the society.23 The system of authoritarian and patriarchal control used in some families is easily transposed into a framework for conservative public policy, especially in the criminal justice system.
Lakoff explains that on a societal level, according to conservative "Strict Father morality, harsh prison terms for criminals and life imprisonment for repeat offenders are the only moral options." The arguments by conservatives are "moral arguments, not practical arguments. Statistics about which policies do or do not actually reduce crime rates do not count in a morally-based discourse." These "traditional moral values" conservatives tend not to use explanations based on the concepts of class and social causes, nor do they recommend policy based on those notions."24 According to Lakoff:
For liberals the essence of America is nurturance, part of which is helping those who need help. People who are "trapped" by social and economic forces need help to "escape." The metaphorical Nurturant Parent - the government- has a duty to help change the social and economic system that traps people. By this logic, the problem is in the society, not in the people innocently "trapped." If social and economic forces are responsible, then other social and economic forces must be brought to bear to break the "trap."
This whole picture is simply inconsistent with Strict Father morality and the conservative worldview it defines. In that worldview, the class hierarchy is simply a ladder, there to be climbed by anybody with the talent and self-discipline to climb it. Whether or not you climb the ladder of wealth and privilege is only a matter of whether you have the moral strength, character, and inherent talent to do so.25
To conservatives, the liberal arguments about class and impoverishment, and institutionalized social forces such as racism and sexism, are irrelevant. They appear to be "excuses for lack of talent, laziness, or some other form of moral weakness."26 Much of this worldview traces to the lingering backbeat of Calvinist theology that infuses "common sense" for many conservatives.