Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Wedge
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Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

Post by Wedge »

BBC Link
BBC wrote:Iran has begun loading fuel into its first nuclear power station in a ceremony attended by Russian officials.

Russia will operate the Bushehr plant in southern Iran, supplying its nuclear fuel and taking away the nuclear waste.

Iran has been subject to four rounds of UN sanctions because of its separate, uranium enrichment programme.

Experts say that as long as the plant is Russian-operated, there is little immediate threat of its fuel being diverted to make bombs.

The West fears Tehran wants to build a nuclear weapon, but Iran insists its plans are for peaceful energy production.
The Bushehr facility has taken 35 years to build and has been plagued by delays.

"Despite all pressure, sanctions and hardships imposed by western nations, we are now witnessing the startup of the largest symbol of Iran's peaceful nuclear activities," Iranian nuclear chief Ali Akbar Salehi told journalists at the plant.

The BBC's Jon Leyne says Iranian officials have promoted Saturday's launch as a victory for the Islamic republic against its enemies. Nationwide celebrations are planned to mark the event.

But Professor Ali Ansari, an Iran expert at the University of St Andrews, in Scotland, said Tehran was likely to exaggerate the importance of the start-up at Bushehr.

"It will obviously have a very theatrical opening but the delays have meant that the power plant is a very old model and the contribution to the national grid is very small," he said.
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'Russian-US deal'

The Bushehr plant should begin producing electricity in about a month, experts say.

It is not seen by analysts as posing a significant proliferation risk.

The uranium fuel it will use is well below the enrichment level needed for a nuclear weapon. Weapons-grade uranium must be enriched by more than 90%. In contrast, the uranium at Bushehr is enriched by 3.5%.

The Bushehr fuel has been supplied by Russia, although Iran is already producing its own uranium enriched to fuel grade.

It has also begun a pilot program to enrich uranium to 20% which it says is needed for a medical research reactor.

It is that programme that has alarmed the West and Israel.

Reports in Washington suggested that the US lifted its objections to the completion of the plant at Bushehr as the price for Russia's vote in the latest round of sanctions against Iran.

Western officials have been changing their tune recently, our correspondent says, describing Bushehr as an example of the peaceful benefits of nuclear energy, to which Iran is entitled.

In a defiant statement on Friday, the head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation Ali Akbar Salehi said the country would continue uranium enrichment, the official Iranian news agency IRNA reported.

Referring to the Bushehr plant, he said: "Suppose we receive the required nuclear fuel for the plant from the Russians for the next 10 years, what are we going to do for the next 30 to 50 years?"

He said Iran could produce up to 30 tons of enriched uranium at its Natanz plant once the necessary centrifuges are installed at the site.
Finally. I really never understood why we (USA+EU) tried to bully Iran into giving up their plans to build nuclear reactors. The only argument I heard was that because they were/are afraid that Iran will build nuclear weapons. For the moment I don't think Iran has violated the non-proliferation treaty and the whole "ogga booga Iran is the boogieman and you have to be scared" is tiresome. Even if they build nuclear weapons, so fucking what. Do you really think they would attack someone? If they build nuclear weapons they would probably use it as a deterrent to invading armies, and sitting on top of one of the biggest gas & oil supplies of the world, who can blame them?
Besides I hate the language they use for example in the Spiegel article like a theme: Provocation.
Really? They build it just to provoke? Also in the BBC artice "In a defiant statement", of course it has to be defiant right? Why not just say statement?
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Some technical details: the plant is a Russian VVER-1000, a solid and dependable design with a good track record. It's a pressurized water reactor, pretty similar to the plants in the US, and will produce 1 GW of electricity.

A fun thing about the VVER and similar reactors: they're great for providing a steady chunk of power at a stable cost, but they suck for making nuclear weapons. For producing weapons-grade plutonium, by far the easiest way to go is by making a specialized weapons-production reactor. Commercial power reactors (with a few exceptions, like Chernobyl) just aren't set up for making plutonium that could be used in a nuclear bomb. And because of the international supply and operations chain for these power reactors, it's extra-hard for the country operating them to use them nefariously. These gigawatt behemoths are hard to operate, and Iran is dependent on Russia for expertise, some parts, and (currently) fuel.

It's counterintuitive, but the export of nuclear power plants may actually help with nuclear arms nonproliferation, by making any attempt to create weapons-production reactors that much easier to spot. After all, why would a small country try to make its own reactor designs when there are cheaper and better designs available on the market already? It would stand out, conspicuously. The US should be trying to be oh-so-helpful, setting up Iran with foreign nuclear plant suppliers, discouraging Iran from making indigenously-designed reactors, and deeply insinuating themselves into Iran's nuclear operations.

It should be possible to negotiate a deal that will kill effectively Iran's nuclear weapons ambitions, make the US and allied countries an integral part of Iran's nuclear infrastructure for decades to come, and help bring Iran into the global economic hegemony. I hope that the opening of the Bushehr plant is progress toward this.
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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sketerpot wrote:A fun thing about the VVER and similar reactors: they're great for providing a steady chunk of power at a stable cost, but they suck for making nuclear weapons.
Actually, they make plutonium for nucler weapons just fine.

It's just that it's harder to get at the plutonium since it's a PWR -- meaning you got to unbolt the pressure vessel head which takes quite a bit of time before you can access the fuel rods.

That's why RBMKs and other graphite moderated reactors are preferred for nuclear weapons production; since you can pull the fuel rods without shutting down the reactor.
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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So... what? Laughable paranoia aside, they build a civilian nuclear powerplant of a safe variety. Or did you just want to post some trivia?
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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I'm pointing out that they can run Bushehr-1 at a fairly high thermal power level to use up the initial fuel loading as fast as possible so they can get their hands on the sweet sweet plutonium as fast as possible and call it "routine refuelling."
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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That would pretty much scream "HEY EVERYONE, WE'RE USING THIS THING FOR PLUTONIUM! WHY HASN'T ISRAEL BOMBED US YET?!" It would be too obvious.

Also, Russia is supplying the fuel and taking the spent fuel rods back. I imagine they would take a dim view of any such shenanigans.
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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A more relevant consideration is simply that the plant currently requires Russian operators. They wouldn’t try anything until it’s been fully handed over which is expected to take several years. As for fuel imports and returns, Iran has fully well announced its intentions to begin making its own reactor fuel rods starting with the other two other completely domestic reactors they have building. We’ll see what that leads into. They also BTW are powering one of those with HEU.

Anyway the proper and rational right wing response to Bushehr is point out that not only will it fuel an Iranian atomic bomb project, it will also power Iranian uranium enrichment! The threat is moral, and now we just need to defeat Iran with a single Marine battalion landing team and get this all over with.
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Also Russians will operate the plant and train the Iranian personnel for years to come. It's even in the article:
Russia will operate the Bushehr plant in southern Iran, supplying its nuclear fuel and taking away the nuclear waste.
The Iranians talked about at least 10 years time when Russia supply the fuel and take away the waste(, while keeping a close watch to the operations). By that time, Iran could build a proper plutonium making reactor somewhere else.

BTW does running the reactor at high thermal power will upset the reactor's refueling cycles? That will throw up more than a few warning signals.
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Is the political situation in Iran even that heated that they would consider getting and even using nuclear weapons? Or is that just paranoia of the arab-hating West?
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Zixinus wrote:Is the political situation in Iran even that heated that they would consider getting and even using nuclear weapons? Or is that just paranoia of the arab-hating West?
Getting nuclear weapons, sure, that makes sense for Iran. Actually using them would be the height of stupidity. (Also, Iran is predominantly Persian. The Arabs are in other Middle Eastern countries. Not that it matters to the people who use "Arab" as synonymous with "Terrorist".)
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Man, this *has*taken just about forever. I remember playing F117 Stealth Fighter on my PC in 1990 and one of the landmarks in the middle-east mission area was the 'Iranian Reactor at Bushehr.'
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Re: Iran fuels up first nuclear reactor

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Kanastrous wrote:Man, this *has*taken just about forever. I remember playing F117 Stealth Fighter on my PC in 1990 and one of the landmarks in the middle-east mission area was the 'Iranian Reactor at Bushehr.'
Unsurprisingly, original construction started back in 1975, then went through a few rounds of development hell thanks to the Revolution, the Iraq-Iran war and lack of contractors due to the embargo. Parts of the plant are older then good part of the Iranian population.

Just to compare: originally the first reactor was to be finished in 1980, meanwhile Unit 1 of the Paks Nuclear Plant in Hungary went online at December 28, 1982, still in operation, now uprated to 500MWe from the original 437MWe and will undergo a 20 year lifetime extension in this or the next year followed by the other 3 units later. On average the four VVER-440 at Paks provides ~40% of Hungary's electricity needs and they are cheapest of all the alternatives (unless you talk to some greentards).
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